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2024-09-20 15:43

美联社图片:全球各地的洪水、火灾和干旱都是气候变化的标志

气候变化的特征——极端高温和干旱;规模更大、强度更强的野火,以及导致灾难性洪水的超强飓风、台风和暴雨,正在全球范围内被看到和感受到。

巴西的干旱。葡萄牙、秘鲁和美国西部发生野火。中欧、东南亚和西非遭受严重洪灾。

A wildfire co<em></em>nsumes a rural area in Varzea Paulista, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Friday, Sept. 13, 2024. (AP Photo/Andre Penner)

Firefighers pull water hoses to put out a spot fire during the Bridge Fire in Wrightwood, Calif., Wednesday, Sept. 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

多个野火

葡萄牙北部的消防队员正在努力控制大约100起由炎热干燥的天气引起的野火,这使得消防员们捉不容缓。大火迫使居民逃离家园,并造成至少6人死亡,其中包括4名消防员。

A man carries a fire extinguisher as he speaks on the phone while a me<em></em>talworking warehouse burns in Sever do Vouga, a town in northern Portugal that has been surrounded by wildfires, Monday, Sept. 16, 2024. (AP Photo/Bruno Fonseca)

A pig walks near the smoke rising from a wildfire in the Chiquitania forest near Concepcion, Bolivia, Friday, Sept. 13, 2024. (AP Photo/Juan Karita)

在秘鲁,自7月以来,野火已造成至少15人死亡,全国24个地区中有22个地区爆发了活跃的野火。秘鲁国家森林和野生动物局(SERFOR)表示,气候变化的影响正在加剧有助于火势蔓延的条件。在巴西,大火在巴西利亚国家公园燃烧。

Members of Riverside County Cal Fire walk up a hillside while battling the Airport Fire Wednesday, Sept. 11, 2024, in El Cariso Village, in unincorporated Riverside, County, Calif. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull)

A jogger passes in front of haze from various wildfires over the downtown skyline Wednesday, Sept. 11, 2024, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Etienne Laurent)

Embers fly through the smoky air as the Bridge Fire burns in Wrightwood, Calif., Wednesday, Sept. 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

在加州,8000多名消防员正在与三场大火搏斗,这些大火都是在本月初三位数的热浪中点燃的。烟雾弥漫洛杉矶的天空,大火威胁着成千上万的房屋和其他建筑。

Residents look out at the Madeira River, a tributary of the Amazon River, during the dry season in Humaita, Amazo<em></em>nas state, Brazil, Saturday, Sept. 7, 2024. (AP Photo/Edmar Barros)

干热

巴西正经历着自70多年前开始进行全国性测量以来最严重的干旱,从北部到东南部,全国近60%的地区都处于干旱状态。它也影响到邻国巴拉圭。

The Madeira River, a tributary of the Amazon River, suffers from drought in Humaita, Amazo<em></em>nas state, Brazil, Saturday, Sept. 7, 2024. (AP Photo/Edmar Barros)

Co<em></em>nstruction workers take advantage of the record-low water level of the Paraguay River to repair the foundation of the port in Asuncion, Paraguay, Thursday, Sept. 12, 2024. (AP Photo/Jorge Saenz)

Milciades Gonzalez, who rents fishing boats, works near Puerto Pabla in Lambare, Paraguay, Thursday, Sept. 12, 2024. Go<em></em>nzalez said fish are not biting amid the record-low water level brought by drought. (AP Photo/Jorge Saenz)

周一,巴西潘塔纳尔地区的干旱导致巴拉圭河的水位降至一个多世纪以来的最低水平,扰乱了这条主要水道的商业活动,并给当地交通带来了危险。有关官员说,在首都Asunción港口,河水的水位比基准线低了89厘米(35英寸),这是120年来的最低点。

Residents transport drinking water from Humaita to the Paraizinho community, along the dry Madeira River, a tributary of the Amazon River, during the dry season, Amazo<em></em>nas state, Brazil, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2024. (AP Photo/Edmar Barros)

炎热干燥的环境也是葡萄牙野火的原因。

在非洲,严重的干旱促使津巴布韦和纳米比亚本月宣布屠杀数百头野生大象和其他动物的计划,以避免贫困社区的饥饿。

A boy wades through a flooded road, in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Tuesday, Sept. 17, 2024. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo)

水太多

台风“八木”在东南亚造成500多人死亡,其中近一半在缅甸。台风和季节性季风降雨共同引发了洪水和山体滑坡。台风在袭击了菲律宾、越南、泰国北部和老挝之后进入缅甸,造成数百人死亡,数十人失踪。

Flood victims take rest at a temporary camp that opened at a mo<em></em>nastery in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Sunday, Sept. 15, 2024. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo)

数千英里之外,中欧正在努力应对暴雨和大范围的洪水,在罗马尼亚造成6人死亡,在奥地利和波兰各造成1人死亡。警方称,在捷克共和国,有四人被洪水冲走,失踪。

当局说,未来几天洪水可能袭击克罗地亚、匈牙利和斯洛伐克。

A resident hugs her relative after being evacuated from her flooded house in Jesenik, Czech Republic, Sunday, Sept. 15, 2024. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

Soldiers pack sandbags to reinforce the dam due to the flooding of the Danube River at Pilismarot, Hungary on Monday, Sept. 16, 2024. (AP Photo/Denes Erdos)

一场未命名的热带风暴带来了超过20英寸的降雨,北卡罗来纳州东南部部分地区被淹没。周二,不伦瑞克县的高速公路仍被洪水淹没,一天前,卡罗莱纳海滩在12小时内降雨量约为18英寸。在过去的25年里,同一地区还经历了另外四次大洪水。

Houses and buildings are partially submerged following a dam collapse in Maiduguri, Nigeria, Tuesday, Sept 10, 2024. (AP Photos/ Musa Ajit Borno)

根据联合国的数据,西非今年经历了几十年来最严重的洪水,影响了230多万人,比2023年增加了三倍。罕见的强降雨导致尼日利亚一座主要水坝倒塌,造成30人死亡,100多万人流离失所。当局还说,洪水冲垮了该国东北部一座监狱的围墙,281名囚犯逃脱。

People wade in a flooded street in the aftermath of Typhoon Yagi, in Hanoi, Vietnam on Thursday, Sept. 12, 2024. (AP Photo/Hau Dinh)

A resident is evacuated from her flooded house in Jesenik, Czech Republic, Sunday, Sept. 15, 2024. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

A helicopter hovers over flooded houses in Jesenik, Czech Republic, Sunday, Sept. 15, 2024. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)